Hoʻokaʻaʻike Loaʻa i nā'Āpana wahine e hoʻololi ana i waena o nāʻAmelikaʻAmelika
Ke hoʻololi nei i ka Gender Roles
No ka manawa mua ma ka hōʻikeʻana o ka loiloi, hōʻikeʻia i nā wāhine ma lalo o 29 makahiki he mea like paha me nā kāne e makemake i nāʻoihana me ka hopohopo hou aku.
I ka makahiki 1992, ua loaʻa i ka helu he 80 pakeneka o nā kāne ma lalo o 29 makahiki ke makemake i nāʻoihana me ka kuleanaʻoi aʻe, a he 72 pakeneka o nā wāhine'ōpio. Ua ho'ēmiʻia ka makemake no ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hopohopo no nā kāneʻelua i ka 1997, (i 61 pakeneka no nā kāne a he 54 pakeneka no nā wāhine) a laila piʻi i ka 2002 a 66% no nā kāne a me 56 pakeneka no nā wāhine.
I ka makahiki 2008, ua wehewehe nā kaikamāhine i makemakeʻole i ka kuleana nui no ke kumu:
- ʻO ka 31 pakeneka i heluʻia ka hoʻonui i ka hana.
- He 19 pakeneka i loaʻa i kahiʻoihana kiʻekiʻe.
- He 15 pakeneka ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka lawaʻana o ka maʻalahi o ka hana a me ka home.
ʻAʻole ka makuahine i hōʻoluʻolu
ʻO ka lua o nā mea i hōʻikeʻia e nā mea noiʻi,ʻo ia ma ka loiloi 2008, ua makemake nā makuahine'ōpio i kaʻoihanaʻoi aku ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa heleʻole.
Nānāʻana i nā wāhine ma lalo o ka makahiki 29 i ka makahiki 1992, he 78 pakeneka o nā wāhine keikiʻole a 60% o nā makuahine i makemake i ko lākou kuleana. ʻO ia i hāʻule i 2008, me 66 percent wale nō o ka wahineʻole keiki a 69% o nā mikina'ōpiopio e makemake ana i nāʻoihana kiʻekiʻe.
"I ka hoʻohālikeʻana i ka 1992 me ka makahiki 2008,ʻelua mau hanana e kū nei: ma waena o Millenials (malalo o 29 makahiki), ua like nā wāhine me nā kāne e makemake i nāʻoihana me ka hopohopo nui aʻe," i'ōleloʻia e ka hōʻike. "I kēia mau lā,ʻaʻohe meaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā wāhine'ōpio a me nā keikiʻole i ko lākou makemake e neʻe i nāʻoihana me nā kuleana'ē aʻe."
"I hui pūʻia,ʻo kēia mau meaʻelua e hōʻike nei e pili ana nā wāhine Millennika i keʻano like me ko lākou mau hoa kāne i ka wā e pili ana i ka hiʻona a me ka mea e manaʻo ai," wahi a ka hōʻike.
Hana nā kāne a me nā wāhine i ka Gender Roles
No ka manawa mua loa o ka loiloiʻana, i ka 2008 ma kahi o ka pakeneka like o nā kāne a me nā wahine i manaʻo i nā hana kāne.
Ma kahi o 42 pakeneka o nā kāne a me 39 pakeneka o nā wāhine iʻaeʻia me ka'ōleloʻo ia he maikaʻi no nā mea a pau "inā loaʻa i ke kāne ke kālā a mālama ka wahine i ka home a me nā keiki." ʻO ia ke emi mai kahi 74 pakeneka o nā kāne a me 52 pakeneka o nā wāhine i kākoʻo i nā kūlana wahine ma 1977.
Eʻikeʻoe i nā kāne ma mua o nā wāhine i hoʻololi i ko lākou manaʻo no nā kūkā kāne kāne ma waena o 1977 a 2008. Ua hoʻololi nā kāne i nā homeʻelua kālā i ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona,ʻo 37 wale nō ka paʻaʻana o nā manaʻo kuʻuna i ka makahiki 2008 me ka 70 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1977.
Loaʻa kaʻike o nā kūpuna i nā manaʻo kuʻuna i nā kāne ma mua o ka poʻe'ōpio. Akā, uaʻikeʻia ka hōʻikeʻana o nā lālā o ka poʻe kahiko i nāʻoihanaʻoihanaʻole i ka wā i hala. No nāʻike, e nānā i kaʻaoʻao 11 o ka hōʻike .
ʻO ka'āpono hou aku o nā Hoa Hana
I ka makahiki 2008, 73 pakeneka o nā limahana i'ōleloʻia e hiki i nā makuahine hana ke hoʻoikaika i ka pilina me kā lākou mau keiki ma keʻano noho makuahine.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe mai 58 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1977.
Ma waena o nā kānaka, he 67 pakeneka i ka 2008 a he 49 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1977. No nā wāhine, 80 pakeneka i ka 2008 i manaʻo e hana nā mākua i nā keiki maikaʻi maikaʻi, mai ka 71 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1977.
ʻO nā poʻe i ulu me ka makuahine hanaʻoi aku paha lākou eʻae like loa e hiki i nā makuahine hana ke like me nā pilina maikaʻi me nā keiki.
ʻO wai ka mea nāna e koho?
I ka makahiki 2008, 56 pakeneka o nā kāne i'ōlelo ua hana lākou i ka hapalua o ka kuke, mai ka 34 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1992. Heʻike iki nā wahine ma keʻano he 25% ka'ōleloʻana o nā kāne ke hana i ka hapalua, mai ka 15 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1992.
No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana o ka hale,ʻoi aku ka nui aʻe o kaʻike o ka mea nāna e hana. He 53 pakeneka o nā kāne i'ōlelo ua hana lākou ma ka hapalua, mai ka 40 pakeneka i ka 1992. Akā, he 20 pakeneka wale nō o nā wāhine i'ōlelo ka hana a kā lākou wahine i ka hapalua, mai 18 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1992,ʻaʻole he helu nui.
"Uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pilina o nā kāne a me ka'ōleloʻana ua pili lākou i ka mālamaʻana i nā keiki, ke kuke a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala aku nei ma mua," wahi a ka hōʻike.
ʻO ka uluʻana o ka hana-Life Conflict for Men
I ko lākou makua kāne a me kā lākou mau kāne e hoʻonui ana i kā lākou mau kuleana i ka home, eʻike nui ana lākou i ka hana palekana a me nā kuleana o kaʻohana.
I ka makahiki 2008, 45 pakeneka o nā kāne i hōʻike i ka loiloi i ke ola, mai ka 34 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1997. E like me 39 pakeneka o nā wāhine e hakakā nei i ka 2008, mai ka 34 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1997.
Ua paʻakikī nā mākua, a he 59 pakeneka o nā makua i nāʻohanaʻelua a me nāʻohana e hōʻike nei i ka paio hana-ʻohana, me ka 35 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1977. Ma nāʻohanaʻohana hoʻokahi, 50 pakeneka o nā mākua i manaʻo i ka paio.
Ke nānā nei nā mākua, 45 pakeneka i manaʻoʻia ka paio ma ka 2008, mai ka 41 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1977.
He mea nui eʻike i keʻano o ka hoʻololiʻana i nāʻoihana kāne akā ua nui nā hana e hanaʻia no ka maikaʻi o kā mākou hana makuahine.
Hoʻoponoponoʻia e Elizabeth McGrory