Ka Manaʻo Kūkākūkāʻo Gender i hoʻolālāʻia e Gallup a me Harvard Review Review
Wahi a Gallup, heʻahahui noiʻiʻAmelika, hoʻokahi oʻekolu mau hana maʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia he kahu wahine a he poʻe hana hana i kēia manawa i ka moku wahine wahine e makemake lākou e hana no kekahi wahine'ē aʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka hapanui o nā limahana, i ka wā i kālepaʻia e Gallup mai ka makahiki 1953, ua'ōlelo mau lākou eʻoi aku ka hana a ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine. (1)
"No ke aha" he nīnau e pono ke nānā ponoʻia, akā me ka manaʻo hāmama.
Make anei nā kāne ma mua o nā wāhine?
He nīnau loiloi kēlā a me hoʻokahi e pane likeʻole ana no kēlā me kēia kanaka āu e noi nei. No laila, e nānā kākou i kekahi mauʻikepili no ka paneʻana i kekahi nīnau'ē aʻe he liʻiliʻi loa ka paneʻana: he mau wāhine i ka lawelaweʻana? ('Ake pane:ʻae.)
I loko o kekahi mau luna wahine Gallup Poll hou i hala koke aku nei i nā mana o nā kāne i kālepaʻia i ka wā o ke kāne wale nō ka lāhui i hoʻohanaʻia i ka hoʻohālikeʻana i ka hana a lākou me kā lākou mau limahana (ʻo ia hoʻi, makahiki, makahiki o kaʻike,ʻoihana, lāhui, a me nā mea'ē aʻe). Ua hoʻohanaʻia he mau manaʻo kaulike heʻumikumamālua a he mauʻumikūmākahi kāne i hoʻolālāʻia i wahine.
Wahi a nā mea kākauʻo Kimberly Fitch a me Sangeeta Agrawal nāna i hōʻuluʻulu i nā hopena o ke koho ma http://www.gallup.com:
"Eʻike pū nā alakaʻi i nā mana o nā wāhine pono'ī lākou eʻoi aku kaʻoi o nā hana ma mua o nā luna kāne kāne. Uaʻikeʻo Gallup he 41% o nā mea mana o nā wāhine e hana nei i ka hana, ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me 35% o nā mana kāne. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, uaʻoi aku kaʻoi aku o nāʻoihanaʻoihana o kēlā me kēiaʻoihanaʻoihana ma mua o kā lāua mau kāne kāne, me ka nānāʻole inā he mau keiki i loko o ko lāuaʻohana. Loaʻa i kēia mau hopena nā hopena koʻikoʻi no ka wahi hana. Inā heʻoi aku kaʻoi aku o nāʻoihanaʻoihana ma luna o nā luna wahine, ma mua o nā luna kāne male, ua kūpono i ka manaʻo e hāʻawi nui aku lākou i kā lākou hui i kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana. " (2)
ʻO ka mea kākau ma Forbes (April 16, 2015) e kuhikuhi i nāʻikepili i loko o kahiʻano alakaʻi male-pono like:
"Ma muli o kaʻikepili a Gallup, 41% o nā luna hoʻonohonoho wahine e hana nei i ka hana, ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me 35% o nā luna kāne. ʻOiai au eʻike ana i kahi kānalua i nāʻoihana alakaʻi e pili ana i keʻano a me ka waiwai o ka "paʻahana limahana," ke manaʻo nei wau he mea kūpono loa ia e like me ka hoʻokauʻana o ka naʻau i kahi hui, a me keʻano kūpono e nānā i ka hopena a me ka huahana. He ana kūpono? ʻAʻole. Akā, he mea kūpono? ʻAe. " (3)
He aha ka hoʻohuiʻana?
Pehea ka loiloi o ka hana a nā limahana o kā lākou poʻe limahana, akā, e pili ana ka piliʻana i keʻano o ka mana o ka luna:
- ʻIke a uku i nā limahana no kā lākou hana a me kā lākou hana;
- Hāʻawi i nā manawa i nā manawa kūpono e aʻo ai i nā loea hou a me ka holomua;
- Ka pono o ka kūkākūkāʻana ma waena o ka hoʻolālā, nā limahana, a me nā pahuhopu o ka hui;
- ʻO ka pae o ka mahalo i nā limahana hana no ko lākou luna a me ke kūlana mahalo i ka haku no kāna mau hana pono'ī;
- Hoʻokumu i kahi lemu e kamaʻilio ai - he noi maikaʻi maikaʻi a nānā i nā manaʻo manaʻo a me nā manaʻo mai nā limahana.
Hana ke kāne i kahi kuleana ma ke kelepili luna-hoʻolālā hana?
ʻOiaiʻo Gallup hōkeo iʻike maopopo i ka hanaʻana o nā wāhine i nā mana nui (ma keʻano o ke komoʻana) aia kekahi mau meaʻikepili'ē aʻe e hōʻike ana i keʻano o ke kāne e hana i ka hana i loko o ka mea e hana nei e like me ka mea e hana nei:
- 35% ke kauʻana i ka wā he mau wāhine ke alakaʻi a me nā limahana;
- 31% ke komoʻana inā he kāne ke kāne a he poʻe kāne nā wāhine.
- 29% ke komoʻana i ka wā he mau wāhine he mau wāhine a he poʻe kāne ke kāne;
- 25% ke komoʻana inā he kāne kāne nā mea mana a me nā limahana.
He meaʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo i ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka pilina i pili me ka wahine no nā poli a me nā limahana a me ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻokūkūʻana i ka wāʻelua o nā mō'ī a me nā mea kōkua.
Eia nō naʻe, e like me keʻano o nā haʻawina a pau, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻoʻaʻole i like ka hoʻohuiʻana me ka hopena. Ma muli o ka'ōlelo, uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wāhine ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa kāne, akā no ka mea he poʻe wāhine lākou?
No ka paneʻana i kēia nīnau,ʻo kekahi mea i hōʻikeʻia ma ka Harvard Business Review (HBR) e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā ikaika o nā wāhine ma waho o Gallup e hāʻawi mai i kekahi mauʻike nui. Ua hoʻolālāʻo HBR i 7,280 mau alakaʻi o kekahi o nāʻoihanaʻoihanaʻoi loa ma ka honua mai nāʻokoʻa a me nāʻoihana ākea a me nā aupuni, nāʻoihana pāʻoihana, a me nā hui kaiaulu a me nā hui honua.
Ua hoʻoholoʻia kaʻimiʻana o nā kuleana hilinaʻi i hāʻawiʻia i ka wahine kāne (e like me ka hoʻonuiʻana a me ka maikaʻi ma ka hanaʻana i nā pilina) ma keʻano o nā wahine iʻoi aʻe ma luna o nā kāne, akā,ʻaʻole i hoʻoikaikaʻia nā hopena i nāʻano koʻikoʻi:
... "ʻO nā pono o nā wāhine,ʻaʻole i ka paʻa wale i nā ikaika o nā wāhine. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo ma kēlā me kēia pae, nui nā wāhine i kohoʻia e ko lākou mau hoa, ko lākou kīnā, ko lākou mau'ōlelo kūikawā, a me ko lākou mau hoa'ē aʻe he mau alakaʻiʻoi aʻe ma mua o ko lākou mau kāne male - aʻo kaʻoi aʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe,ʻo kaʻoi o ke ākea e ulu nei ... " (4)
Ma nā kūlana hoʻolālā a pau nā wāhine i palekana i nā mākau alakaʻi a me nā mākaukau -ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻoleʻana i kekahi mau manaʻo kuʻuna e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hilinaʻi e ho'ākāka ana i nā kāne iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā wāhine i kaʻoihana:
"ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona kahi i hoʻonele ai nā wāhine i nā kāne i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe - e hoʻoholo a me ka hoʻokeleʻana i nā hopena - ua lōʻihi ka manaʻoʻia e like me nā ikaika o nā kāne. E like me ka mea i hanaʻia, ua hoʻohaunaele nā kāne i nā wāhine ma kahi hoʻokahi o ka mākaukau alakaʻi ma kēia noiʻi -ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻolālā i ke kūlanaʻike ... " (4)
Manaʻo nā mea kākau i ka manaʻo no ke aha i koho nuiʻia ai nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne a ke hoʻomau nei i nā'enewai i waena o nā hui - keʻano i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe, nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe: ka hoʻokaeʻana.
Malia paha o kahi ala maikaʻi loa e lawe ai i ka hoʻoukaʻana i loko,ʻo ia wale nō ka mālamaʻole i ke kāne male. Hiki i nā kāne a me nā wāhine ke lilo i mau mana nui - a iʻole e hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau mana lousy. ʻO ko mākou mau manaʻo e pili ana i nā momona e hoʻokuʻu loa iā mākou, aʻaʻoleʻo mākou ke kāne.
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Nā kumuhana :
- No ke aha iʻoi aku ai ka maikaʻi o nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne (no ke aha iʻoi aku ai ka maikaʻi o nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne) Na: Fitch, Kimblery a me Agrawal, Sangeeta. http://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/178541/why-women-better-managers-men.aspx
- ʻO ka makemake o nā kāne nui aʻe no ka Male Boss. Na: Wolfe, Lahle. http://womeninbusiness.about.com/od/womeninbusinessnew1/fl/More-People-State-They-Would-Prefer-Working-for-a-Male-Boss.htm
- He mau wahine maoli paha, e like me kēia'ōlelo noiʻi nui, ke'ōlelo aku nei, he mau manaʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā kāne? (Forbes) Na: Lipmna, Victor. http://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2015/04/16/are-women-really-as-this-major-research-says-better-managers-than-men/
- He mau alakaʻi maikaʻi nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne? (Harvard Business Review) Na: Zenger, Jack a me Folkman,ʻo Joseph. https://hbr.org/2012/03/a-study-in-leadership-women