ʻO nā International Biennial Art Biennial (Biennials)

by ʻO Susan Kendzulak

Ināʻoe e hōʻailona i ka 'biennale' 'āina' Eulopa 'a me ka' bienina '' Amelika, 'o ia hoʻi ka' ano like: he hōʻike mega kiʻi e hanaʻia ana i nā makahikiʻelua.

Ua lilo ka Biennial iʻoihana koʻikoʻi nui ma waena o ka honua, i ka makahiki 1990 a ua uluʻia ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui. Ua kōkua ka Biennial i ka hoʻohuliʻana i ke kikowaena o nāʻoihana mai nā kikohanaʻoihana nui i nā wahi'ē aʻe, oiai e kōkua ana i kaʻoihana kaiāulu o ka'āina.

Ma ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990 a me ka 2000, uaʻike nā hui lehulehu a me nā kikokikona kula i ka pilina a me ke kūpono o ka Biennial e like me ka manaʻo. ʻO kekahi o ia mau puke,ʻo The Biennial Reader anthology.

01ʻO ka Venice Biennale

ʻO Venice Biennale ka makuahine o lākou a pau. Hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1895, i ka wā o nā hana o ka honua, ua hōʻikeʻia nāʻoihana o nā aupuni likeʻole ma ka Giardini (ka mahinaʻai), kahi i hoʻolaunaʻia i nā hale kuʻuna o ke aupuni, i kēlā me kēia me kona kūlana kūʻokoʻa pono'ī.

Ua piʻi ka hōʻike nui i ka nui ma loko o ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Venice, me nā pā hale hou a me nā kahua hōʻike e hōʻano houʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO ka Venice Biennale kahi mai Iune a Nowemapa i nā makahiki kaʻina maʻamau.

02 Sao Paulo Biennial

Ua hoʻomakaʻia ka Biennial São Paulo ma Brazil i ka makahiki 1951 a hiki i nā makahiki i heluʻia. ʻO ia kaʻoihana nui aʻoi loa o nā makahikiʻelua maʻAmelika aʻikeʻia i ka Brazilian, Latin American a me nā'ahamele o ka honua i kēia manawa i kāna mau hōʻike hōʻikeʻike.

03 manuala

pepa palapala ma Kassel, Kelemaniaʻaʻole kahiʻahaʻaina, no ka mea, mālamaʻia ia mau makahiki 5. Eia naʻe,ʻoi aku ka hanohano a me ke koʻikoʻi i nā papahana piha o nā ao a me nā triennials.

I ka wā o kāna wehe muaʻana,ʻo nāʻoihanaʻoihana e pili ana i nā mea hana kiʻi, nā mea hanahana, nā luna hoʻokipa hale kūʻai, nā mea hōʻeuʻeu, nā mea kūʻai kūʻai, a me nā mea'ē aʻe mai ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1955,ʻo ka pepa inoa kekahi o nā mea nui eʻike i nā hōʻikeʻike kiʻi.

04 Biennale o Sydney

Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Biennale o Sydney i'Atelia i ka makahiki 1973, a ua hoʻoliloʻiaʻo ia i ke kau makahikiʻekolu o ka honua. Mai Iune a Sepatemaba i loko o nā makahiki i heluʻia, hōʻikeʻia ka hōʻike mega ma Sydney.

05 Haʻawinaʻo Havana

Ua hoʻomakaʻia ka Biennial Havana ma Cuba i ka makahiki 1984 a uaʻikeʻia no ka hōʻikeʻikeʻana i nāʻoihana o ke ahupuaʻa ma mua o ka poʻe Artists 'Amelika a me ka Caribbean.

06 I ka hōʻailonaʻo Istanbul

Ua hoʻomakaʻia ka Biennial Istanbul ma Turkey i ka makahiki 1987 a ua hoʻokōʻia i ka hāʻule o nā makahiki i halaʻole. ʻO ia kekahi o nāʻoihanaʻoihana kaulana loa no nāʻoihana o nā au o ka honua.

E like me nā mea'ē aʻe he nui, nā koho a ke kōmike koho. A laila kūkulu ka mea hoʻoponopono i ka manaʻo , ka mea a me ka papa inoa o nā mea hana kiʻi no ka hōʻike.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona nui o nā huileʻaleʻaʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i nā hōʻikeʻikeʻikeʻikeʻike, akā, e hoʻokomo i ke kūlanakauhale a pau i kona mau maka, no laila, aia kekahi o nā hōʻikeʻike hoʻonani i nā hale, nā hale kūʻai i haʻaleleʻia, nā pā aupuni, nā kai kūʻono, a pēlā aku. , nā papa hana, nā huakaʻi hele, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻi, a pēlā aku.

07 Loni Biennial

Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Lyon Biennial ma Lyon, Farani i ka makahiki 1984 a ua mālamaʻia mai Sepatemaba a Dekemaba i nā makahiki i halaʻole. Hoʻokiʻekiʻe nuiʻia no kāna mau hōʻikeʻike pono.

08 DakʻArt

Ua hoʻomakaʻia ka Biennial DakotaʻAmelika o Art African Art ma Dakar, Senegal i ka makahiki 1992 a mālamaʻia i Mei i loko o nā makahiki he nui. Hōʻike ia i nā kiʻi'Ālika o ka poʻe hou.

09 Malala Sharjah

Aia kahi hoʻonaʻauaoʻo Sharjah i Sharjah,'Amerika Arab Emirates. Ua hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1993 ma keʻano he hōʻikeʻike kiʻiʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 2003, a ua hoʻololiʻia ke kumukūʻai i mea e hoʻokumu ai i kaʻenehanaʻenehana o ka honua.

10ʻO Berlin Biennial

ʻO Berlin ka Biennial aia ma Berlin, Kelemāniaʻo ia kekahi o nā hapanui kaulana a puni ka honua i kaulana loa ma ka honua nei. Ua hoʻolālāʻia ma hope o ka hōʻike Hōʻikeʻike ma Venice Biennale, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Biennial Berlin ma ka makahiki 1998 e hoʻoikaika i nāʻoihana o ke au kahiko a me ka noʻonoʻoʻana i ka nui o ke kūlanakauhale he kikowaena punahele.

11 Huakaʻi Shanghai

ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻikeʻo Shanghai, ma luna o nā makahiki. Kiʻi kiʻiʻia ma Shanghai Museum.

Ua hoʻomakaʻia ka Shanghai Biennale ma Kina i ka makahiki 1996 ma keʻano he hōʻike o nā mea hoʻokaniʻakaʻaka e hoʻohana ana i nāʻano hana hana pelekikena. I ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻolahaʻia kahi hōʻike hoʻolālā e Hou Hanru e hoʻolauna ana i kaʻenehana noʻonoʻo, mea hoʻokumu, nā'apena hou, nā wikiō a me nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi e hoʻolālā i nā makahikiʻelua.

12 I ka Yokohama Triennial

ʻO ka Yokohama Triennial i Iapana, kokoke i Tokyo, he kau makahiki heʻumikumamāwaluʻaʻole ponoʻole, pēlā nō ia i nā makahikiʻekolu ma kahi o kaʻelua. Ua hoʻokumuʻia i 2001.

13 Singapore Biennale

Hui hou ka Singapore Biennale i ka hoʻomakaʻana i ka makahiki 2006. Mai kona hoʻokumuʻana, ua hoʻoikaikaʻia kaʻoihana kiʻi o ke kaiāulu a ua hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻia ka Biennale i nā poʻe malihini kipa.

14 Kekoa o Whitney

ʻO ka Whitney Biennial kaulanaʻo New York i kahi o Whitney Museum a hōʻikeʻike i nāʻoihana mai nā meaʻenehana hoʻokumu oʻAmelika. Hoʻohui pinepineʻiaʻo ia e like me ka hōʻike e alohaʻia ana e ka inaina.

15 Manifesta

Ua hoʻomakaʻiaʻo Manifesta , ka mea i kapaʻiaʻo ka Hui Huipū o Europa i ka makahiki 1996, a ma kahi'ē aʻe o ka Pākīpika kūikawāʻole maʻelua makahiki. Ua hanaʻia ka Manifes ma Rotterdam, Luxembourg, Ljubljana, Frankfurt, San Sebastian, Trentino-South Tyrol, a me Murcia.