Kālā Pāʻoihana ma kahi Wahi
Ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe nei au a mahalo i ka hana maikaʻi o kēia mau wāhine wāhine a ke manaʻolana nei nā kānaka a pau e pili ana i ko lākou akamai a me nā mea i loaʻa. ʻOiai,ʻo kekahi o kēia mau wāhine koʻu mau koa.
Ka pōhaku ma luna!
Akā, he aha nā mea e hana nei no nā wāhine i koe ma ka limahana? ʻO ka mea nui aku, he aha ka mea e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i nā wāhine wāhine ma kahi hana?
Makemakeʻoe eʻike i nā mea i loaʻa i nā wāhine i kēia manawa a me nā mea e hiki mai ana i nā wāhine a me ka hana? E hoʻopili i kā mākou pōleleʻeleʻele a hoʻokumu i kekahi mau wānana e pili ana i nāʻikepili a me nā hoʻohālikelike e pili nei i nā wāhine a me ka hana. E hōʻike aku wau iāʻoe i kaʻike a me nā helu i kēia manawa a kūkākūkā i nā lā e pili ana i nā wāhine a me nā hana. E hāpai pū nō hoʻi au i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo e kōkua i ka poʻe paʻahana e hoʻomau i kēia holomua i nā wāhine ma kahi hana. E heluhelu ma.
He aha ka hapene o nā wāhine e hana?
I kēia manawa:
"I ka makahiki 1950 e pili ana i hoʻokahi oʻekolu mau wāhine i komo i ka pūʻulu ma ka makahiki 1998, kokoke iʻekolu o nā wahine he 5 o ka makahiki o kaʻoihana. I waena o nā makahiki he 16 aʻoi aku, he 33.9 pakeneka ka nui o ka poʻe komohana ma ka makahiki 1950, ke hoohalike me 59.8 pakeneka i ka 1998.
He 63.3 pakeneka o nā wāhine i piha i ka makahiki 16 a hiki i ka 24 i hana i ka 1998 ma muli o ka 43.9 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1950.
He 76.3 pakeneka o nā wāhine i piha i ka 25 a 34 mau hana i ka 1998 ma kahi o 34.0 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1950.
ʻO 77.1 pakeneka o nā wāhine he 35 a hiki i 44 i hana i ka 1998 ma kahi o 39.1 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1950.
ʻO 76.2 pakeneka o nā wāhine he 45 a hiki i 54 mau hana i ka 1998 ma muli o ka 37.9 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1950.
He 51.2 pakeneka o nā wāhine 55 ā hiki i ka makahiki 64 i hana i ka 1998 ma kahi o 27 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1950.
ʻO ka 8.6 pakeneka o nā wāhine he 65 mau makahiki i hanaʻia i 1998 me ka 9.7 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1950.
Kumu: US Department of Labor: Ke hoʻololi i ka huiʻana o nā wāhine
I kēia manawa:
"I ka makahiki 2008, hiki i nā wāhine he 48 pakeneka o ka poʻe paʻahana a me nā kānaka he 52 pakeneka. I ka makahiki 1988, 45 a 55 mau kakene. "
Kumu: US Department of Labor: Nā wāhine o ka Hui Mahi
Nā wāhine a me nā meaʻole
I kēia manawa:
Me ka mea e hiki iāʻoe ke manaʻo ma muli o ka home a me kaʻohana, "i ka makahiki 1998,ʻo kahi o 4 pakeneka o nā limahana manawa lōʻihi i ke kaʻawale i kā lākou hana i ka hebedoma maʻamau o kaʻoihana -ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hana lākou ma lalo o 35 mau hola i loko o ka hebedoma no kaʻeha, aiʻole nā kumu'ē aʻe he nui.ʻO kahi o 5.1 pakeneka o nā wāhine (me ka 5.6 pakeneka o nā wāhine 20 a hiki i ka 24) ua halaʻole ma ka wiki maʻamau, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka 2.7 pakeneka o nā kāne Ma waena o ka poʻe i halaʻole, ʻO kahi hapaʻekolu o nā wāhine i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻia me kahi hapahā o nā kāne i halaʻoleʻia no nā kumu'ē aʻe. "
Kumu: US Department of Labour: Nānā a nā wāhine
Kākoʻo:
E hoomau ka nui o na wahine i ka poe hana. Na ka wahine e hoʻomau i ke kuleana nui no nā hihia o ka home a me kaʻohana, no laila e hoʻonāukiuki i ka heleʻana i ka heleʻana.
ʻO nā mea hana e hiki ke hana:
E hoʻopilikiaʻia nā paʻahana e hoʻolako i nā kōkua pilinaʻohana no nā poʻe hana e pono ai ka noʻonoʻo no ka mālamaʻana i nā keiki a me ka mālama makua. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻoia ke komo:
- ka mahele hana ,
- manawa hana manawa,
- nā limahana e hana ana mai ka home a iʻole ke telecommuting,
- hiki ke hoʻomaka a me ke paniʻana i nā manawa a me nā horaʻoihana maʻamau i maʻalahi, a
- ka uku manawahana a me ka palekana o ka hana no ka mālamaʻana i nā keiki a me ka mālama makua.
Hōʻalo i nā pūnaewele hōʻano hou e hoʻohuli i nā limahana kūpono a hoʻokō i nā mea hana e hoʻopiʻi i nā pilikia o kaʻohana me ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka hopohopo.
Pono nā limahana e uku aku i nā'ulala kūpono kūpono kūpono.
Aia lākou e hoʻokumu i ka pono a me ka nui o nā poʻe hana hana e hana nei iā lākou he mau pāʻani maʻamau no ka hōʻoiaʻana i nā koi.
E like me ka'ōlelo a ke Kōmike Hana Hana wahine, e hoʻonui i nā wāhine i nāʻoihana e hāʻawi ana i nā uku uku uku. ʻO ka hapa nui o nāʻoihana wahine i hōʻuluʻuluʻia ma ka hana "wahine" i ukuʻia me ka maikaʻiʻole. Hoʻolako a hoʻonaʻauao i nā wāhine no kēia mau mea no ka loaʻaʻana i nā wāhine i nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana i kēia mau uku kūpono kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka Catalyst, nāna e nānā i ka holomua o nā wāhine ma kahi hana, haʻiʻiaʻo ka makahiki 2000, he 2.7 pakeneka wale nō o nā lunaʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loa ma Fortune 500 mau wāhine. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomauʻana o nā wāhine i ka ukuʻana i ka uku'āina, nā kākoʻo o ke kālai'ōlelo, a me nāʻoihanaʻoihana hoʻomalu.
A laila, e nānā mākou i ka holomua o nā wāhine i nā haʻawina a me ka hoʻonaʻauao a nānā i nā manawa hana e hoʻonui i ka holomua.
Makemake i ka waiwai a me ka hoʻonaʻauao wahine?
"ʻO ka uku o ka loaʻaʻana o nā wāhine he 35-44 mau makahiki i ka helu o ka piʻiʻana o nā kāne mai 58.3 pakeneka i ka 73.0 pakeneka mai 1979 a 1993, kahi kiʻekiʻe he 14.7 pakeneka pakeneka.
Loaʻa he piʻi ma waena o nā makahiki he 45 a hiki i 54 mai ka makahiki 1979 a hiki i ka makahiki 1993. "
Kumu: US Department of Labour: Loaʻa wahine
"I ka makahiki 1998, ua loaʻa nui nā wāhine i nāʻoihana alakaʻi a me nāʻoihana iʻoi aku ka nui o ka wiki ma mua o nā wāhine ma nāʻoihana'ē aʻe.
ʻO ka loaʻa o nā kālā o kēlā me kēia wiki, he 56 pakeneka ka nui ma mua o nāʻoihana, nā kūʻai, a me nā limahana kākoʻoʻoihana, kaʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loa. "
Kumu: US Department of Labor: Nā wāhine i loko o ka hoʻoponopono, nāʻoihanaʻoihana e loaʻa hou
"ʻO ka nānāʻana i nā uku o nā wāhine ma nā makahiki he 20 i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka nui o ka holomua o nā wāhine. Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka nui o ka uku o nā wāhine i ka 14% mai ka makahiki 1979, akā, ua hōʻole nā kāne ma kahi o 7 pakeneka. ua loaʻa i nā wāhine hana manawa piha ka 76 mau wale nō o nā mea i loaʻa i nā kānaka i ka makahiki 1998.ʻO ka uku no nā wāhine me ke kālepa kālepa ua piʻi ma kahi o 22 pakeneka i loko oʻelua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā, no nā wāhine me kaʻole o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, . "
Kumu: Ka Moʻolelo Hana Lā Makahiki , " Nānā Wahine," (Kekemapa 1999).
"ʻO nā wāhine e hele ana i ka manawa piha i nāʻoihana kūikawā kūikawā i loaʻa $ 682 i ka makahiki 1998, ma mua o nā wāhine i hanaʻia ma kekahiʻanoʻoihanaʻoihana'ē aʻe.
I loko o kēia pūʻuluʻoihana,ʻo nā wāhine e hana anaʻo nā kauka, nā kauka lāʻau a me nā loio i loaʻa ka waiwai iʻoi aku ma waena.
"I ka 1998, 46.4 pakeneka o ka uku manawa manawa a me nā hana uku ma kaʻoihana alakaʻi, hoʻolālā, a me nāʻoihana mana i nā wāhine, mai ka 34.2 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1983, ka makahiki mua kahi e pili ai i ka hana. Loaʻa nāʻikepili kūlike.
Ma ka manawa hoʻokahi, ua piʻi nā wāhine i keʻano o nāʻoihanaʻoihana kumuhana mai ka 46.8 pakeneka i ka 51.6 pakeneka.
"I ka likeʻana o ka makahiki 1983, he 77.7 pakeneka ka nui o nāʻoihana kākoʻo o ka hoʻomalu i ka makahiki 1998, aia 76.3 pakeneka o ia mau hana. " ʻO nā wāhine he 7.9 pakeneka o ka hoʻonohonoho pololei, nāʻoihana a me nā hana hana hou, i ka makahiki 1983 a me ka makahiki 1998.
Kumu: US Department of Labor: He mau mea koʻikoʻi no nā wāhine waiwai
I kēia manawa:
"I waena o nā haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe ma waena o 1998, he nui aku nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne i kākau inoaʻia ma ke kulanui.ʻOʻOkakopa, 938,000 mau wāhine'ōpio i puka i ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma 1998 i ke kulanui a he 906,000 mau kānaka'ōpio i kākau inoaʻia." ʻO nā hana o nā wāhine'ē aʻe e hele ana i ke kula nui.
Kumu: US Department of Labour: Hoʻomākaukau Wahine
Kākoʻo:
ʻO ka ukuʻana i nā wāhine e hoʻomau i ka uku o ka uku o nā kāne i nā hana likeʻole,ʻoiaiʻo ka wahine iʻoi aʻe ka hoʻonaʻauao. E mau ana ka heleʻana o nā wāhine'ē aʻe i ke kulanui, akā e nānā au i nā luna nui e alualu nei lākou i kēia hiʻohiʻona. ʻO nā haʻawina kohoʻia e pili ana i kā lākou uku a me kā lākou pono hana.
ʻO nā mea hana e hiki ke hana:
ʻO nā meaʻoihana,ʻo ka mea nui loa, pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia e pili ana i ka pānaʻi uku e waiho nei i waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine e hana like ana. ʻO nā mea mana, ma nā kula a pau, nā mea e mālama ana i nā uku makahiki a me nā pūlāwaiwai, pono e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokō i ka ukuʻana i nā kānaka, me kaʻole o ka wahine kāne,ʻo ke kālā hoʻokahi no ka hana like.
Pono nā wāhine e noho paʻa me ko lākou wahi pono'ī. Ināʻike ka wahine ua emi kona kālā ma mua o ke kāne, a ua like nā mea'ē aʻe a pau, ua hāʻawiʻo ia iā ia e lawe i ka hihia i kona haku a me nā Pūnaewele Kūʻai. Hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka hanaʻana i kahiʻoihana aloha aʻoi aku i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i kona pono pono'ī.
Pono nā limahana e uku aku i nā'ulala kūpono kūpono kūpono. Aia lākou e hoʻokumu i ka pono a me ka nui o nā poʻe hana hana e hana nei iā lākou me he mea lā he mau helu maʻamau no ka nānāʻana a me ka'ōlelo hōʻike.
Nui loa koʻu hauʻoli i kaʻikeʻana i kahi hoʻoikaika paʻa e uku aku i nā kānaka ma ke kūlike ma luna o ka haʻawina.
E like me ka'ōlelo a ke Kōmike Hana Hana wahine, e hoʻonui i nā wāhine i nāʻoihana e hāʻawi ana i nā uku uku uku. ʻO ka hapa nui o nāʻoihana wahine i hōʻuluʻuluʻia ma ka hana "wahine" i ukuʻia me ka maikaʻiʻole. Hoʻolako a hoʻonaʻauao i nā wāhine no kēia mau mea no ka loaʻaʻana i nā wāhine i nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana i kēia mau uku kūpono kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka Catalyst, nāna e nānā i ka holomua o nā wāhine ma kahi hana, haʻiʻiaʻo ka makahiki 2000, he 2.7 pakeneka wale nō o nā lunaʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loa ma Fortune 500 mau wāhine. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomauʻana o nā wāhine i ka ukuʻana i ka uku'āina, nā kākoʻo o ke kālai'ōlelo, a me nāʻoihanaʻoihana hoʻomalu.
'Apā, e nānā i nā helu o nā wāhine i kēia manawa ma ka hanaʻepekema a me kaʻenehana, ua manaʻoʻia e hāʻawi i nā manawa kūpono i nā makahiki heʻane aʻe. A laila, e noʻonoʻo mākou i ka mea e hana ai nā limahana hana e hoʻoikaika i ke komoʻana o nā wāhine i kēia mauʻoihana.
Nānā i nā wāhine i ka'ikeepe a me ka hanahana?
"Ma muli o kaʻikepiliʻo ka poʻe Hawaiʻi (CPS) i kēia manawa, hoʻokahi o nā'umihanaʻenehana heʻumi, he wahine,ʻoiai he mau wahine heʻumi o nāʻenehanaʻenehanaʻenehana a me nā mea hanahana. nāʻoihana iʻoi aku ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā wāhine ma mua o ka hapa nui o ka nui o nā mea hana akamai wahine.
I waena o nā meaʻepekema maoli, ua like nā wāhine i 51.6 pakeneka o nā kānakaʻepekema hōʻaia a 44.4 pakeneka o nā meaʻepekema olaola a ola, akā ua heluʻia he hapa liʻiliʻi o nā kānaka hulihonua a me nā mea hana (24.0 pakeneka), physicists a astronomers (7.7 pakeneka).
"Loaʻa ka hana a nā wāhine i ka nui o nā hanahana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ka pono no ka uluʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua loaʻa i nā lakohana pūnaewele a me nā lakohana nāʻano hana no ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā mea hanahana loea no ka loaʻaʻana o ka hana ma ke kahua. nā ala hou i loko o nāʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loea, a me nā manawa i loko o ke ao kikowaena hou. Pono lākou e komo i nāʻoihana kekinohana ma ka helu nui. "
ʻO ka nui o nā koleke e kākau inoa ana i nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne ma kā lākou mau kula kino. "ʻO nā wāhine i komo ma kahi o 45% wale nō o nā mea noi a me nā haumāna hou i nā kula lapaʻau US i ka makahiki 1999-2000. Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka māhele o nā wāhine olakino i 28 pakeneka o nā mea noho i 1989 a 38 pakeneka i ka 1999 ma muli o ka Hui o nā KulaʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa. Women i ka US Medicine Medicine Statistics 1999-2000. "
Kumu: [link url = http: //www.amwa%2Ddoc.org/careers/html/then%5Fnow.html] HuiʻAmelika Hui Pū'IpenaʻoʻAmelika
Ma ke kahua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau, ke holo nei ka holomua o nā wāhine. "I kēia manawa,ʻo ka hapa nui o nā haumāna ma nā kula kaiaulu, he mau wāhine lākou, a ma ka makahiki 2005, e lilo ka wahine i ka hapanui o kaʻoihanaʻoihana,ʻoiai ka nui o nā wāhine palekana maʻAmelika Huipūʻia iʻoi aku ka nui o ke kālua mai ka makahiki 1991 a hiki i ka 24,356, ua haule ka heluna o na kane kane he 15 pakeneka, i 33,461. "
Nā Puna: New York Times: Yilu Zhao (Iune 9, 2002)
Kākoʻo:
Eia ka pahuhopu. ʻO ka mea maʻamau,ʻo nāʻoihanaʻoihana i lilo i ka manaʻo o nā wāhine ua lilo i mea hoʻonuiʻia e pili ana i ka uku, nā kūlana, a me ke kūlana. ʻAʻole ia ke kumu o kēiaʻatikala no kaʻikeʻana i kēlā moʻolelo, akā e noʻonoʻo i nāʻoihana i lilo i ke kāne ma mua i ka manawa i hoʻopiha nuiʻia e nā wāhine: nāʻoihanaʻoihana, nāʻoihana hoʻomalu, nā kahu, ke aʻoʻana, ka hana kaiāulu, a me nā kūkala kūʻai. E hele anei i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ukali lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ala hoʻokahi?
ʻO ka pane,ʻo ia, 'ʻae.' Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei wau i ka wā e noho aliʻi ai nā wāhine i kahi māla, e lilo ka mahina i meaʻoluʻolu a nani hoʻi i meaʻoihana.
Eia hou, i ka holomuaʻana, ma keʻano he kaiaulu, uaʻikeʻia nāʻikepili iʻikeʻia e ka nui o nā wāhine e neʻe ana i ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana no nā hanaʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me kaʻoihanaʻenehana paʻakikī e emi ana i ka makahiki 2002. (E nānā i ka moʻoleloʻo Wired News , ma keʻano he kumu.
ʻO nā mea hana e hiki ke hana:
He wahi paʻakikī kēia e hana ai i nā'ōlelo aʻo no nā mea hana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manaʻo waiwai a me nā waiwai i hoʻokumuʻia i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke ola ma o ka home a me ka pilina o nā hoa a me nāʻike a me nā kūlana o ke kula. ʻOiai makemake au e holomua, e like me ke kaiāulu, nā kaikamāhine a me nā keikikāne e mau ana, aʻo, aʻano maikaʻi loa.
(ʻO kēiaʻatikala, No ke ahaʻo nā kaikamāhineʻaʻole e pili , mai Wired News , ke hōʻike nei i kekahi o nā ho'āʻo.) Akā, hiki i nā limahana hana ke hana.
Hāʻawi i nā wāhine i ke aʻoʻana a me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana e hoʻomākaukau ai iā lākou no ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā kūlana i kaʻenehana a me kaʻepekema.
E hoʻonui i ka nui o nā wāhine i loko o nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao a me nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao i hoʻomākaukauʻia e hoʻomākaukau iā lākou no ke alaʻoi aku iʻoi aku ka uku uku,ʻo nāʻoihana likeʻole.
Hōʻike i nā wāhine i kaʻenehana a hana me ka computer . He nui ka poʻe i loaʻaʻole ka manawa kūpono aʻike paha i kaʻikeʻole o nā mākau a me kaʻike e pono ai ka holomuaʻana o ka lolouila.
E hana pū me kāu kula haʻahaʻa, kula waena, kula kiʻekiʻe, ke kulanui o ke kaiāulu, a me ke kulanui e hōʻoia i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i nā polokalamu a me nā haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao e hōʻike ana i nā kaikamāhine i kaʻenehana, ka menemakika, a me kaʻepekema, me ka hana kōkua.
E hōʻoia i nā papaʻaina, nāʻoihana hoʻolālāʻenehana, a me nā mea'ē aʻe'ē aʻe, e pili pū me nā kaikamāhine.
Ma kēia wahi hana, no ka hoʻopilikiaʻana i nā limahana ma ka hoʻouluʻana i nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā wāhine i nāʻoihana me ka uku kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe, he mea kupanaha paha ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā wāhine i kā lākou mauʻoihana pono'ī i nā kauhale?
Loaʻa i nā wahine ma kaʻoihanaʻoihana?
I kēia manawa:
" ʻO nāʻoihanaʻoihana a nā wāhine i hūnāʻia i nāʻoihana i loaʻa iā 51% o nā wāhine aʻoi aku paha o kaʻoihana i hōʻikeʻia e ka United States Collective Business Survey (Women's Business Business Enterprises) (SWOBE) he 5,417,034 mauʻoihana pāʻaniʻole ma ka makahiki 1997. uaʻoi aku ka 26.0 pakeneka o nāʻoihanaʻoihana pāʻaniʻole 20.8 miliona o ka'āina, 7.1 miliona kānaka hana i ukuʻia, a ua hana i $ 818.7 piliona ma nā kūʻai a me nā loaʻa.
"No nāʻoihana i mālamaʻia e nā wāhine liʻiliʻi, nā wāhine Hepania i loaʻa he 317,708 mauʻoihana, he 312,884 nā wāhine, he 247,966 nā wāhine no'Asia a me ka Moana Pākīpika, he 53,593 mau wāhine no nā wāhineʻAmelika a me Alaska.
"Ma kahi o ka hapalua (55%) o nāʻoihana wahine i kaʻoihana lawelawe i ka makahiki 1997. Ma loko o kaʻoihana lawelawe, hiki i nā wāhine ke hana i nāʻoihanaʻoihanaʻoihanaʻoihana (769,250 mauʻoihana) a me nā lawelawe pilikino (634,225 kamupene). aʻo nā loaʻa no kēia mau māheleʻelua he $ 78.3 piliona.
"ʻO nā pāʻoihana a nā wāhine i loaʻa nā kūʻai a pau a loaʻa nā $ 818.7 piliona ma ka makahiki 1997.ʻO nāʻoihanaʻehā i huahua nui loa i nā waiwai o nā wāhine i kālepaʻia i ka makahiki 1997 he kalepa nui, nā lawelawe, ke kālepa kūʻai a me ka hanaʻana. nā kālepa - mau lōʻihi a me nā waiwai kūponoʻole - loaʻa i nā loaʻa he $ 188.5 piliona.
"ʻO ka poʻe e lawelawe ana i nā lawelawe - no ka laʻana, nā hokele a me nā wahi e noho ai, nā lawelawe pilikino, nā lawelaweʻoihana, nā hana kūikawā, nā lawelawe, a me nā kaʻa; nā lawelawe - he kūʻaiʻana i $ 186.2 piliona.
He $ 152.0 piliona ka waiwai o nā wāhine i ke kālepa kūʻai a he $ 113.7 piliona ka waiwai o ka poʻe kūʻai.
"Ua kokoke iʻekolu hapahā (72 hapa) o nā kamaliʻi wahine liʻiliʻi i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā lawelawe (531,532 mauʻoihana) a me kaʻoihana kālepa (133,924 mauʻoihanaʻoihana) mauʻoihana i loaʻa i nā wahine liʻiliʻi i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā kūʻai a pau a loaʻa nā $ 84.7 biliona i ka makahiki 1997. ua loaʻa i nā wāhine nā $ 38.1 piliona, nā wahine Herpanic, $ 27.3 biliona, nā wāhineʻeleʻele, $ 13.6 piliona, a me nā kālā wahine 'Amelika a me Alaska, $ 6.8 billion. "
Kumu: US Department of Labor: Ka poʻe Pakihi Pakihi
Kākoʻo:
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokō i nā pono kūpono o nā wāhine he nui. ʻO nāʻoihanaʻoihana wāhine ka mea e koho ai no nā wāhine he nui. Ua ulu nā wāhine hana paʻa i 37% mai ka makahiki 1997 a 2002,ʻehā manawa o ka uluʻana o ka poʻe hana hana a pau.
ʻOiai kaʻoihana o nāʻoihana i hoʻomakaʻia e nā wāhine mai ka makahiki 1997 mai i kaʻoihanaʻoihana, ke ulu nei ka nui o nā wāhine e hoʻomaka i nāʻoihana ma nāʻoihanaʻole e like me ke kūkulu a me ke kālā. Ke hoʻolako nei ka Pūnaewele no kaʻImiʻIke Hanawahine i kahiʻatikala e pili ana i nāʻike helu helu lahaʻole a me nā kumuhana noiʻi mua e hōʻike i kēia mau kiʻi.
ʻO nā mea hana e hiki ke hana:
Hiki i nā limahana ke hahai i nā'ōlelo i ho'ākākaʻia ma nā māheleʻekolu o kēiaʻatikala e kū ai i ke kai o nā wāhine akamai i kā lākou hana pono'ī. Akā, ua hoʻomaka ka nalu kai eʻe a he paʻakikī e ho'ōki. Hoʻopili pinepine ka wahine me ka hoʻoikaika, hoʻoikaika, a me ke koʻikoʻi i loko o ka laweʻana a me ka hanaʻana i kahiʻoihana liʻiliʻi,ʻoihana nui, aiʻole kahi hanaʻoihana home a iʻole ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō. ʻO ka hoʻonui loa, e paio nā kānaka hana me kēia koho no nā wāhine lawelawe limahana.
Nā Kumu no nā Wahine e noʻonoʻo ana E hoʻomaka ana i kahi Pāʻoihana:
Ka Pūnaewele no kaʻImiʻIke Hana Kupa
ʻO ka National Association of Women Business Owners
Makemake i nā wāhine Pāʻoihana ma kahiʻikepili halehana?