Ma kahi o 130 makahiki i hala aku nei,ʻo Louise Blanchard Bethune, ka wahine hana mua mua wahine, i hoʻokumu i Buffalo, Niu Ioka ( Hoa i wahine ma kahi hana e Dorothy Schneider lāuaʻo Carl F. Schneider, ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1993).
Nā Pono e pili ana i nā Kamahana Kū'ēʻole no nā wāhine
- Wahi a ka US Statistics Department of Labour statistics, i ka makahiki 2013, he 82% wale nō ka uku kālā o nā wāhine i hana manawa piha.
- Ua kūkalaʻia nā wāhine ma nāʻoihana ma luna o nā huiʻoihana e like me nā meaʻoihana hana a me STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math).
- ʻO nā hana maʻamauʻole i hāʻawiʻia i kahi wāhine ke kiʻekiʻe i ka uku kaulike a me ka uku kiʻekiʻe ke piʻiʻo ia ma kānaʻoihana.
Nā Hiʻona o nā Kauhana Kū'ēʻole
Ke kohoʻana i kahiʻoihana, pono nā wāhine e noʻonoʻo i nā koho a pau i loaʻa iā lākou. ʻAʻohe hana i hikiʻole i kahi wahine ke hana ma muli o kāna kāne hoʻokahi.
E like me ka hihia no kēlā me kēia kanaka, wahine a male kāne paha, e pono i kekahi ke hālāwai i kekahi mau pono no kaʻoihana āna e noʻonoʻo nei.
Wahi a ka 'Oihana o ka Lehulehu o US, eia kekahi mauʻoihana i manaʻo' ia he mea kūʻole i nā wāhine ( ka 'Oihana Kūikawā o ka US Department of Labor Women's Bureau):
- Luna Dute a Luna Nui paha : Nānā a iʻole nā luna kūikawā e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea pono a hōʻiliʻili i nā hōʻike e pili ana i nā hewa i manaʻoʻia.
- Hoʻonohonoho : Nā hale hana hoʻolālā, e hoʻomaopopo ana i ka hana a me ka palekana, a no ka pono o ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana.
- Hoʻonohonoho : He mau mea hoʻomalu i nā meaʻai, mālama i nā mea hana lima, a holo i ka lumi kuke ma nā haleʻai a me nā haleʻai'ē aʻe.
- Barber : Pāʻokiʻia nā maka o Barbers a me nā lauoho o ke kanaka.
- Kālā Lunamaka'āinana:ʻO nā lālā pule ka poʻe alakaʻi hoʻomana o nā hale hoʻomana. Mālama lākou i nā lawelawe a hāʻawi i ka alakaʻi alakaʻiʻana i nā poʻe malihini.
- Computer, ATM, a me ke KeenaʻOihana Repaire: Hoʻonohonoho , hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa hou nā mea hoʻoponopono a me nā keʻenaʻoihana o nā keʻena i hoʻohanaʻia e nāʻoihana a me nā kānaka.
- Polokalamu Polokalamu: Hoʻomākaukau nā polokalamu kamepiula i ka palapala no nā pono polokalamu a me nā pūnaewele hana.
- Inoa: Ke hoʻohana nei nā mea hoʻohana i kaʻike i ka hana pākī a me kaʻepekema e hoʻoholo i nā pilikia pili i keʻenehana.
- Ke Mea Hana Hana Hoʻonaʻauao: hoʻohana nā meaʻenehana hana i nā'enekema a nā kānakaʻepekema e hoʻoholo i nā pilikia o kaʻenehana.
- Kūkulu a kūkuluʻana i ke kūkuluʻokoʻa: Nā mea nānā hale a kūkulu hale e mālama i ka hanaʻana o nā hale me nā kānāwai hale a me nā kānāwai o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana.
- Ke Alanui Ke Alanui Kaa Mahu: Na ke Alanui Kaa Mahu e hoʻohui i nā hana o nā kaʻa a me nā hui kaʻa kaʻa.
- Mākaukau: hoʻohana nā mea hana i nā mea hana maʻalahi no ka hanaʻana i nā kinikona pololei pololei e like me nā pale iwi iwi o nā iwi i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā kinipōpope, nā apo o ke kila, nā moku hydraulic, a me nā haki kīne.
- Kākele Drick: Nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa e lawe i nā mea ma waena o nā wahi.
- Firefighter: Hoʻopuka ke ahi i nā ahi, nā mea ola i pakele, a hāʻawi kekahi manawa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia.
- Pilot :ʻO nā mea lawe waʻa pilo a me nā ukana ma ka mokulele, me nā mokulele a me nā helikopter.
- Kā kamalima : Kūkulu a kūkuluʻia nā papahana i ka lāʻau, ka fiberglass, a me nā kahua pale kau.
- Eikela : E hoʻokumu a mālama pono nā Electricians i ka hoʻoili uila a me nā mea'ē aʻe i ka hale kūʻai a me nā hale noho.
- Mason : Kūkulu nā Masons i nā hale i nā pōhaku lepo, nā pōhaku, a me nā poho.
- HVAC Technician : Hoʻouka, mālama, a hoʻoponopono hou nā meahana o ka HVAC a me ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā pūnaewele.
- Mekini Mekini Mekini: Nā pūnaewele mechanical liʻiliʻi e hoʻomau, nānā, a hoʻopaʻa hou i nā lako i hoʻoheiʻia.
Nā mea hou aku
Eia nā kumuwaiwai e kōkua iāʻoe e hōʻiliʻili i kaʻike hou aku e pili ana i nāʻoihana kūlohelohe no nā wāhine.
ʻO ka hui kaiaulu o nā wāhine ma ke kūkuluʻana : "ʻO NAWIC kahi hui kaiaulu e hoʻolaha a kākoʻo i ka holomua a me ka hanaʻana o nā wāhine ma kaʻoihana hana."
Hana Kūlana Loaʻole no nā wāhine : NEW he hui, i hoʻonohonohoʻia ma New York City, e hoʻolako ana i "nāʻoihanaʻoihana a me ka hoʻonaʻauao hoʻoikaika kino, ka mākaukauʻoihana, ka'ōlelo aʻo a me ka hihia hihia, a me nā lawelawe ma kahi hana ma nāʻoihana i hōʻikeʻia ai nā wāhine."
Nāʻike a me nā mea pono e pili ana i nā wāhine a me nāʻoihana hanaʻole : Inā'ōlelo kekahi "ʻaʻole hiki iāʻoe ke hana ma kēlā kahua no ka meaʻaʻole no nā wāhine," e hōʻike iā lākou i kēiaʻatikala.