E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka Term O & Broad i Media
E & O: Nā Papa Hoʻohālike Pūnaewele a me Operated
ʻO ka papahana hoʻolaha pāʻani kālepa nui - ABC, CBS, Fox, a me NBC - e hoʻolālā i kā lākou papahana ma nā haneli he nui o ke aupuni, akā naʻe wale nō lākou i kahi koho.
Ma nāʻoihana pāʻoihana nui e like me New York, Los Angeles, a me Chicago,ʻo ka pūnaewele kahi o ko lākou mau keʻena kūloko. No'ABC, hana ka WABC i New York, KABC ma Los Angeles a me WLS ma Chicago "ʻO & O" nā kikowaena, no ka mea aia a pūnaewele ke kikowaena iā lākou.
Ma waho o nā mākaʻikaʻi 25 he nui,ʻaʻole ka waihona nui o nā pūnaewele kū moku ma nā pūnaewele, akā na nā hui pūnaewele. Kapaʻia kēlā mau keʻena he mau pūnaewele pūnaewele no ka mea ua paʻa lākou i ka laikini ma kaʻaelike.
ʻO nā hui pūnaewele nui e like me Gannett, Belo, Cox, a me Hearst i nā pūnaewele pono'ī e pili ana i kahi pūnaewele hoʻolaha. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, e loaʻa i kahi hui hoʻokahi kahi hōʻuluʻulu ABC, CBS, Fox, a me NBC pūnaewele i mea e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i kona waiwai me ka nānāʻole i kahi kikowaena he helu helu a hoʻokahi paha.
I kekahi manawa, hoʻoholo nā 'aha pūnaewele e hoʻololi i kahi keʻena i kahiʻokoʻa'ē aʻe i ka pauʻana o kāna palapala hoʻohui. I ka waena o nā makahiki 1990, ua hoʻokumuʻo Fox i nā poʻe he nui e neʻe i ko lākou mau wahi i ka pūnaewele, a ua kōkua iā ia e hoʻonui i kona mau hōʻailona Nielsen .
Pehea ka Differs Mai nā Hui
MaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, pili kaʻoihana pāʻoihana i nā mea hoʻolaha kūloko i loaʻa i kekahi hui'ē aʻe ma mua o ka mea nona ka pūnaewele, ma keʻano he hui pūnaewele aʻoihana pūnaewele paha. Hiki i nā pilina ke lawe i kahi o ka laina o ka telepuni a iʻole nā polokalamu lekiō o kahi kikowaena (ʻo O & O, ma kekahiʻaoʻao'ē aʻe, nona nā'enepili makua.)
Eia nō hoʻi, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka hikiʻole ke hoʻoiliʻiaʻo O & Os ma keʻano he pilina ma muli o ka mea maʻamau e nānā i kekahi wahi e lawe nei i kahi papahana o ka pūnaewele i mea pili. I kekahi manawaʻo ka hoʻokomoʻana i ia papahanaʻana ma kahi māka kūʻai i kapaʻia he "pili".
Nā kau a me nā rula
ʻO ka Federal Communications Commission ia maʻAmelika Huipūʻia e hoʻopau ana i ka helu o nā pūnaewele pūnaewele aʻo nā lālā i koe e halihali i nā hoʻolālā pūnaewele i nāʻoihana'ē aʻe. Eʻimi anaʻoʻO & Os i nā kūʻai pāʻoihana nui loa (e like paha me New York City a me Los Angeles), akā,ʻo nā māhele nui loa paha he mau pūnaewele pili ma mua oʻO & Os.
Pili nā'āina'ē i ko lākou mau rula a me nā hoʻoholo i kā lākou aupuni e pili ana iāʻO & Os. No ka laʻana, ua hahaiʻo Iapana i nā kānāwai likeʻole i ka US, kahi e hoʻopauʻia ai ka maha o nā kikowaena pāʻoihana'aupili e like me ka pakeneka o ka loaʻaʻana o ka mākaʻi'āina āpau aʻehā wale nō o nā'elepa nui o nā pāʻoihana (Kantō, Keihanshin , Chūkyō, a me Fukuoka) e loaʻa iāʻO & Os. Loaʻa ka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pilina pili i ka laweʻana i kā lākou papahana ma nā wahi'ē aʻe.
ʻO Canada, ma kekahiʻaoʻao, aia nā kānāwaiʻoi aʻe he nui aʻe no ka paʻaʻana o ka pāpāho,ʻo ia ke kumu o ka nui o nā keʻena telepuni (me kaʻole o ka nui o ka'elepa) i kēia wāʻoʻO & Os o kā lākou mau pūnaewele, me kahi mau pili pono wale nō e koe ana i nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi.