Nā Hōʻailona Kūʻokoʻa Kūikawā
Ma loko o ke kenekulia 20, uaʻike kekahi mau hōʻikeʻike kiʻi e hoʻololi i keʻano o ka moʻolelo o nā moʻolelo ma ka hoʻohaunaeleʻana, hoʻonāukiuki a me ka hoʻonāukiuki i nā mea pena a me nā mea hana like.
ʻO kēia mau kiʻi hōʻikeʻike maikaʻi he mana, ma keʻano, ma muli o ka hihiʻo o ka poʻe hana pahuhopu , ka poʻe iʻike i keʻano o nā papahana a me nā kohoʻana o nā mea hana kiʻi, a me ka hoʻokūkū o kā lākou mau mea hana, e kōkua i ka hōʻikeʻana i nā hōʻikeʻike o ka wā eʻole e poina.
01ʻO Paulo Cezanneʻo ke kākoʻo mai ma ka Salon d'Automne, Paris i ka makahiki 1907
ʻO kahi hōʻike hoʻokahi-kanaka he ikaika loa ia i hoʻololi i ka papa o ka moʻolelo. ʻO Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) i hala ma hope o ka Salon d'Automne i ka makahiki 1907, i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope iho o kona makeʻole i manaʻoʻia, he mea koʻikoʻi ia i nā mea hoʻolale liʻiliʻi, a me ka Paris Paris Avant-Garde me nā mea pena e like me Picasso, ua manaʻoʻiaʻo ia e lilo i makuakāne o Cubism a me Modernism. Ua hoʻokumu muaʻia ka Salon d'Automne e nā mea pena e like me Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Georges Rouault, a me'Edouard Vuillard, ma keʻano he meaʻoi aʻe aʻoi aku keʻano wiwoʻole i ka Salon.
02ʻO ka Hoʻokani Sonderbund ma Cologne, Kelemānia i 1912
ʻO ka Hoʻokani Sonderbund ma Cologne, Kelemānia i ka makahiki 1912 i hoʻokumu i Modernism maʻEulopa. ʻO ka inoa maoli o ka hōʻike,ʻo ia ka Internationale Kunstausstellung des Sonderbundes Westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler (International Art Show o ka hui kūikawā o nā mea aloha a me nā Artists o ka West German) akā ua kapaʻiaʻo iaʻo ke Hōʻikeʻo Sonderbund. Ua komo nā hana nui a nā mea pena e like me Paul Cézanne, Edvard Munch, Paul Gauguin, Pablo Picasso,'Egon Schiele, a me Vincent van Gogh a me nā hōʻailona o ka Post-Impressionism i ka'ōlelo Kelemānia, a me nā haleʻo Die Brücke a Der Blaue Reiter.
03ʻO ka hōʻikeʻike honua o nā kiʻi hou (The Armory Show) ma NYC i 1913
ʻO ka Exhibition International of Modern Art, i kapaʻiaʻo Armory Show (e like me ia i ka 69th Infantry Regiment Armory), ma New York City i ka makahiki 1913 lawe mai i nā kiʻi Pelekaneʻo Hawaiʻi i nā USA. ʻO kaʻoihana kiʻiʻAmelika i kēlā manawa he mea palekana a hoʻomaluʻia e kaʻike maoli, me nā kiʻi i nānāʻia i nā kiʻi'āina, nā'āina, a me nā kiʻi. Ua hoʻonohonohoʻia e kekahi mau mea penaʻAmelika e like me Walt Kuhn,ʻo Arthur B. Davies, Walter Pach, a me William Glackens ka Association no nā Paineter a me nā SculptorsʻAmelika (AAPS) a ua hoʻonohonoho i ka Hōʻailona Armory Show, i hoʻokomo i ka Cubism, Post-Impressionism, a me Fauvism i nā mea pena kiʻiʻAmelika, a ua lilo i mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka Abstract Expressionists o nā makahiki 1940.
ʻO ka paʻi kiʻi a Marcel Duchamp i kapaʻia i hōʻehaʻeha i ka lehulehu aʻo ia ka helu o ka hoʻoheneheneʻana i loko o ka press, e like me ka hoʻohālikeʻana o kekahi mea i ka "pāhaʻi ma kahi hale hana pahū."
04ʻO ka HōʻailonaʻAi Moku Lākika ma Berlin, 1922
ʻO ka'Āpana Hōʻike Houʻo Rusia (Erste russische Kunstausstellung), i weheʻia ma Berlin iʻOkakopa i ka makahiki 1922, ua hoʻokumuʻiaʻo Russian Constructivism a me nā hana a El Lissitzky (nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka papahana), Vladimir Tatlin, Olga Rosanova, Alexander Rodchenko, Kasimir Malevich a me Marc Chagall. ʻO nā mea i hanaʻia he mau mea'anakahi: David Sterenberg, Nathan Altman, a me Naum Gabo. Ua hōʻikeʻia kēia hōʻike i ka'ōlelo koʻikoʻi nui, no laila, ua hoʻonuiʻia ke kiʻi e hiki ai i kona anaina e ulu nei. 05ʻO ka Exhibition Surrealistʻo London International i ka makahiki 1936
ʻO ka Hōʻikeʻike Surrealist o London International i ka makahiki 1936, ua ho'ōlaʻia e kekahi hui o nā mea haku a me nā poʻomanaʻo,ʻo Henry Moore,ʻo Paul Nash,ʻo Andre Bréton, Man Ray, a me Paulo'Eluard. ʻO ka hōʻike nui loa i laweʻia mai i Surrealism i Lākana. Ua hoʻokomoʻia e Max Ernst, Joan Miró, a me Salvador Dalí, nā mea i hoʻopuka i kahi leka hoʻomaopopo no ka Surrealism i ka wā e komo ana i kahi wai luʻu a pono e hoʻopakele iā ia ma ka aneane hiki i ka make. ʻO ka Hōʻikeʻo International o nā New Realists ma ka NYC, 1962
Ua hoʻonohonohoʻo Sidney Janis Gallery i ka Exhibition International of the New Realists, i wehe i kaʻOkakopa 31, 1962, aʻo ia ka hōʻike mua nui loa e hoʻolauna ai i ka Pop Art i ka honua. Ua hoʻokomoʻia ka hana a nā mea penaʻAmelika e like me Wayne Thiebaud, Roy Lichtenstein, a me Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg, James Rosenquist, Robert Indiana, a me nā mea hana Pelekane e like me Jean Tinguely, Yves Klein, Arman, Christo, Marisol, a me Öyvind Fahlström. Ua hōʻikeʻia kēia hōʻike i ka pilina ma waena o nā mea hoʻolaha pākelaʻAmelika a me nā mea hoʻokūkū hou. ʻO kekahi o nā'ōlelo hōʻailona pōkole e like me Mark Rothko, Adolph Gottlieb, Philip Guston a me Robert Motherwell e haʻalele i ke kaena me ke kū'ē, i ka mea iʻikeʻia e like me keʻano o ka honua i hoʻololiʻana i kaʻoihana oʻoleʻa.
07 I ka manawa e hoʻokomoʻia ai ka mau hanana ma Kunsthalle Bern, 1969
Ua hoʻokumuʻo Harald Szeemann i ke kūlana kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa , no ka mea ,ʻo ia ka mea mua i hana ma waho o ka hoʻolālāʻoihana e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻike nui. ʻO kāna hōʻike i ka makahiki 1969 Live in Your Head: I keʻano o nā halihali (Works, Concepts, Processes, Situations, Information) i loko o ka hoʻokolohua, ka hana a me ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo a me nāʻano hana likeʻole like Arte Povera, Anti-form, and Process Art. ʻO nā Artists e like me Eva Hesse, Iosepa Beuys, a me Bruce Nauman. 08 1989 China Exhibition i Beijing
ʻO ka hihia o 1989 China Exant-Garde Exhibition ma ka Beijing Art Art Gallery i Beijing, i hoʻonohonohoʻia e nā mea mele kiʻi heʻumi me Gao Minglu a me Hou Hanru, hōʻikeʻia e ka poʻe 186 mau mea pena,ʻo Xu Bing hoʻi, Huang Yong-Ping, a me Wu Shanzhuan. Ua hōʻikeʻia kēia hōʻailona o ka hīnaʻi i ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka hoʻolālāʻoihana Kepani hou i ka honua honua honua. Hoʻokuʻu nā mākaʻi i ka hōʻike ma ka weheʻana o ka lā i hoʻokaniʻia ai ka pana e ke mea penaʻo Tang Song a me Xiao Lu.
09 1989 Magiciens de la Terre (Makua o ka Honua) ma Paris
I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1980, ua hoʻonā i ka mana o nā mea hoʻopuka i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i nā mea i hanaʻia e nā mea hana ma mua o ke kālepa. hāʻawi. Uaʻikeʻia kēia ma ka hōʻikeʻana o nā Magicians de la Terre (Magicians of the Earth) i nā makahiki 1989. Hoʻokumuʻia ma ke kahua Pompidou a me ka Grande Halle ma Paris a ho'ōlaʻia e Jean-Hubert Martin,ʻo ka nui o ka nānāʻana i nā kānaka'Āsia, African, Australian Aboriginal and Latin American artists.
10 palapala ma Cassel, Kelemānia
ua hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1955, a ua hanaʻia ma nā makahiki he 5 ma Kassel, Kelemānia. No kēlā me kēia paʻiʻia, kohoʻia kahi mea koho nui o ka honua e koho i kahi kumuhana a koho i nā meaʻoihana. ʻO ka palapala kākau kekahi o nā hōʻikeʻike kūikawā iʻoi aku ka hanohano a me ka mana i kēia manawa, aʻo ia ka mea e hele ai nā mea hana, nā mea hanaʻino, nā mea hoʻoholo, a me nā mea akamai'ē aʻe mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua e aʻo mai ia mea.